Nebraska man lasted for a total of five years in 1927. Further discovery eventually proved that the unusual tooth on which Nebraska man was founded (there were less than a cupful of bone fragments used to construct the complete Nebraska Man) was not actually from an ape-man but from a peckery, a type of wild pig. Professor Henry Osbourne's ape- man was constructed from the tooth of a pig. Nebraska Man is still used in some modern text- books, despite the fact that Osbourne himself admitted that his findings were really that of a pig.

Thirdly - The Piltdown Man of England. For forty years, Piltdown Man fooled the world. The pictures on the right show an artist's impression of Piltdown Man.

The principle characters in this fraudulence were Charles Dawson (who found the first part of the skull), Sir Arthur Smith Woodward of the British Museum and a student priest - Father Teilhard de Chardin. In December, 1912, Dawson and Woodward told a distinguished audience that over a period of four years they had found strange fossils at Piltdown, namely the upper part of a skull which was human and nearby a broken lower jaw bone.

An artist's impression of Piltdown man

Thus, Piltdown Man had arrived. If the missing canine tooth were to be found and if it was worn like the molars in the jaw-bone, the case to support the ape man would be strengthened. The tooth was found eight months later, on the 29th August 1913. Teilhard returned from France and Dawson, Woodward and Teilhard went to the Piltdown pit to sieve the gravel. After a time, Teilhard called out that he had found the missing tooth. The tooth fitted the jaw exactly and Piltdown Man had made history. He was given the age of five hundred thousand years.

Eventually, sceptics insisted that the Piltdown Man's age be re-examined. He survived the first test whilst his age dropped from five hundred thousand years to fifty thousand years. Critics then demanded further tests and then came the disgrace. The skull belonged to modern man; the jaw-bone was from an ape that had recently died.

Furthermore, it became obvious under meticulous examination that the teeth had been filed to make them look human and the marks of the abrasive were visible. The jaw bone and teeth had been stained by chemicals to make them look like ape specimens. Why was the crudeness of this fake not detected earlier? Who was responsible? Well, opinions certainly differ. Nobody blames Woodward. Dawson lacked the skill and knowledge to perpetrate such a fantastic hoax. Few blame Dawson since he didn't have the special skills.

Speculation might therefore point towards de Chardin, who had the opportunity and the knowledge of anatomy. Australian anatomist Graffton Elliot Smith had some involvement with the Piltdown affair. It is worth noting at this juncture that both these men were later connected with the Peking Man of China.

We will now discuss the African Ape-Man, the Java Man and the China Man, better known as Peking Man.

Australapithecines - otherwise known as African ape-man. These are pictured as large- jawed, small brained and standing about four feet tall and walking in approximately human fashion; not quite human but a pre human phase of hominid evolution. It sounds terrific, until you see how little fossil evidence there is and how the experts contradict one another, sometimes allocating bones the way they want them. Douglas Dewar said :- "The supposition that African man walked upright is based on the supposition that some isolated bone found among a heap of bones in a cave belonged to the same species". After Douglas Dewar had written this, further evidence from more complete bones indicates that African Man did not walk upright.

There were two pieces of leg bone found near Zinj but they were allocated to homo-habilis. Many books admit that there is dispute about what habilis really is. Doctor Leakey's view was that habilis was a species of man now extinct. However, many other evolutionists say that Leakey was wrong and that habilis was just an Australapithecines - another brute.

In 1891, Doctor Eugene Dubois gave up his career and went to Java to search for the missing link between man and ape. Later, Dubois presented to the world his Pithecanthropus - better known as Java Man. Java Man became a human hero. Popular histories published detailed portraits of Java Man. G.K. Chesterton commented:- "no uninformed person looking at his carefully lined face would imagine that this was a portrait of a thigh bone, of a few teeth and a fragment of the cranium".

We now come to Peking Man (Sinathropus Pekinesis and Dr Black. Dr Black believed that man began life in China. Black took charge of excavation work near the hill at Peking. In 1926, and on the evidence of one tooth, Black showed a great deal of confidence in finding an ape-man. There was also a Chinese scientist on the field-work, and the infamous Fr. Teilhard de Chardin, who acted as unofficial observer. Reporting to France in 1929, Dr. Black found something which made the first official Peking Man. Was it a skull, or just a skull-cap ?

Teilhard de Chardin reported finding a skull, which closely resembled the great apes, while Dr Black however, announced a skull-cap. Whatever it was, Black constructed a model; not a cast but a model of the supposed skull. It took two years to make the model and according to a Father O'Connell, Malcolm Bowden and other observers, Dr Black did not comply with appropriate guidelines when constructing the skull. Black made the skull represent what he wanted it to represent. As excavations continued, two great heaps of ashes were uncovered, and in the ashes were the bones of numerous animals. Also mixed in the ashes were monkey-like skulls and Black claimed the monkey-like skulls were more of his Peking men.

What became of the monkey-like skulls mixed up with other bones in the ashes ? Marcellin Boule, the leading authority, was invited to visit the site and that he did. Boule's reaction was one of annoyance at having his time wasted on monkey skulls. Boule rebuked Dr. Black's theory outright. He referred to it as a "fantastic hypothesis". Boule's opinion was that real men had been at work at these furnaces and that the monkey-like skulls and the other bones mixed up in the ashes were the remains of food eaten by the workmen who had thrown the bones and skulls into the ashes. However, Boule's voice was not in tune with the evolutionists and media of his time. Boule's voice would have caused great damage to the 'missing link' picture being painted by the evolutionists of his day. Peking Man was vital to the perpetuation of evolutionary thought. Peking Man was firmly established, and Boule's diametric opposition to Peking Man caused him to be the subject of scorn and ridicule within the scientific profession. Boule was branded as 'just another fanatic'. The excavations at Peking continued until 1934, when on one memorable day, the bones of several humans were found, apparently crushed to death by a landslide.

By now Dr. Black was world- famous. The fossilised remains were delivered to Black's laboratory and he duly entered his laboratory to examine them. Later that day in March 1943, Black was found dead amongst the human bones.

Teilhard de Chardin sent a report to France. He confirmed that human skulls and bones had indeed been found on the site despite the fact that three years later he then sent a second report, stating that no trace of real men had been found. (Teilhard de Chardin later abandoned his vocation as a Catholic Priest). He thereby flatly contradicted his earlier report. Why? It is quite certain that the bones of real men were found. Dr Black's position was filled by a Professor Weidenreich, who continued the excavation work. Weidenreich published a full account five years later on the findings of the human remains. Photos of the human skulls have been published.

In 1972 Richard Leakey, son of the late Dr. Leakey, found a skull in Africa. Leakey appeared on the front page of the Courier Mail of Nov. 11th 1972. In his lower hand Richard Leakey held an Australapithicens skull. In his upper hand he held the new find, a skull which he claimed was human. The skull was dated at 2.5 million years old. (It is important to note something about the dating - Cambridge University dated the skull at 2.5 million years; Barclay Laboratory dated the skull at just over 1.5 million years) How can we possibly overlook this difference entrusted to us by radioactive dating?

Richard Leakey is truly holding the real bone of contention; a human skull older than its ancestors - older than Australapithices, Java Man and Peking Man! This would be a real human very much older than the hominids. It seems that Richard Leakey has found a human skull. Perhaps the measurement of brain capacity needs amendment since a sizeable portion of the skull cap is missing. The age of the skull may be more likely to be three thousand years rather than three million. To make such a claim is to challenge the dating methods used. We will discuss these methods later.

Richard Leakey stated himself :- "What we have discovered simply wipes out everything we have ever been taught on evolution and I have nothing to offer in its place."

The evolutionists control the great mass media, the textbooks, libraries and museums, and their propaganda is relentless.

It is obvious that the hysteria and excitement of finding a missing link in the evolution of man dominated science for many years. Unfortunately, the integrity of many of those scientists diminished to the extent that fraudulent exhibits were used to support the theory of evolution. Until the present day, fossilised remains of 'so- called' ape-men are easily explained as being extinct creatures, or simply brutes.

Fossils of plant and animal life are clear evidence that distinctive groups exist within the species and genera.

There are no credible links between one species and another!

The scientific world has sold the 'evolution of man' to the general public, using exhibits that were later found to be fraudulent. Many textbooks today use these, despite the fact that even the palaeontologists involved in finding these 'missing links', admitted that deception and fraudulence were at the fore.