EVOLUTION CANNOT HAPPEN, AND THE WORLD IS NOT VERY OLD.
P.Kelly (F.B.D.O., M.RE, Dip.Ed.)
Microbiology, genetics and biochemistry say that evolution cannot
happen.
In the science of genetics Natural Selection cannot be regarded as the mechanism for evolution since all the information for the development of an organism has already been encoded in the DNA of its parent. (1) DNA design only allows variety within species. And at the tiniest level of life forms there exists such irreducible complexity that the possibility of earlier intermediate stages is ruled out. (2) Genetic mutations only occur within species. Darwin had no concept of the complex biochemical relations that exist between structures at the molecular level. He did not know that for evolution to occur those relations would have to change.
Research into this very question over the past decade has found no evidence that such radical biochemical changes exist or (more importantly) are even possible.(3)
One of the most striking discoveries of recent genome research is the extent to
which organisms differ from each other. As the genomes of more
species are deciphered, researchers are finding that about 30 to 40 percent of
the proteins in each species' genes are unique to that species. For
humans that figure is a little higher. These differences are so profound
that microbiologists may have to adopt new methods for their research.
Until recently, microbiologists have assumed that by studying one or two 'model'
organisms, such as E. coli (the most studied bacterium) and S.
cerevisiae (yeast), they could learn about many other organisms. But that
assumption is now being seriously challenged.
According to the biologist and philosopher of science, Paul Nelson, "This
is a remarkable, remarkable result." Nelson's astonishment is based
on the
conclusions that he draws from these findings. If, as appears to be the
case, these unique genes have important functions and can't be altered
without harming the organism, this would be a major blow to evolution.
"If that's the case" Nelson said, "then these genes have no
evolutionary
predecessors, and naturalistic evolution is in deep, deep trouble - and not
because somebody wants the Bible to be true."
Macro evolution supposedly works by accumulating small genetic changes.
Darwinian evolution suggests that each gene had to be crafted one small
step at a time. But if a gene can tolerate little or no change, there can
be no line of evolutionary predecessors, and hence evolution cannot,
therefore, happen. (4) Because of the inherent flaws in the 'small step at a
time' hypothesis, some evolutionists have come up with what they call Punctuated
Equilibrium. PE is a model which holds that a particular species would remain
fairly constant for many thousands of years, but would occasionally be
punctuated by bursts of evolution - and thus a new species with a
"higher" genetic structure would appear in the fossil record, pointing
to a series of progressive changes. On the one hand, this idea has the
advantage for evolution theory of explaining the ABSENCE of transitional or
intermediate forms. But, on the other hand, there is no observable EVIDENCE for
such an hypothesis. The concept of Punctuated Equilibrium stakes
everything on beneficial mutations and chance events occurring at rapid, unknown
rates, and so is really an altogether baseless notion.
Proponents of PE such as Richard Goldschmidt, Stephen Jay Gould and Niles
Eldredge can only offer an explanation for the ABSENCE of transitional
forms but the major weakness of PE is that there is no EVIDENCE for it (none in
the fossil record) and no conceivable mechanism for it
(microbiology is proving that no species can GAIN GENETIC INFORMATION), and so
it remains hypothetical.
And finally, PE needs a lot of time. But, lots of scientific evidence is
now pointing to a YOUNG age for the Earth, and hence not enough time for PE
to even have occurred!
Geology says that the world cannot be millions of years old.
Robert Gentry's study of polonium-218 radiohalos which exist in huge numbers "frozen" in granites around the world, directly challenges the idea that the Earth cooled over eons of time from hot magma. (5) Polonium-218 has a fleeting existence, it has a half-life of 3 minutes. In its short life it gives off radiation and this radiation leaves haloes of discolouration in granite provided that the rock cools and chrystalises within the time that the polonium is emitting radiation.
No radiohaloes can occur if the radiation that Polonium-218 emits is being given off in molten rock. Polonium-218 radiohaloes prove that granites cooled very quickly, and not over millions of years as evolutionists claim. (6) Guy Berthault has shown that rock strata can form vertically and laterally at the same time in the presence of a water current and not over the millions of years claimed by evolutionists. (7)
Ayre's Rock says that the world is young.
Ayer's Rock in central Australia is composed of sharp-edged sand crystals. It could not have survived millions of years because wind erosion would wear it down. (8)
Physics says that the world is young.
The decaying strength of Earth's magnetic field suggests an upper limit of age far below evolutionary requirements. Only 10,000 years ago, Earth would have been impossibly hot. (9)
Astronomy says the universe is young.
Short period comets only have a life-span of approximately 10,000 years. If the universe is millions of years old there would be no short period comets left in the Solar System. But short period comets do exist, thus pointing to a young universe. (10)
Polystrate fossilised tree trunks say that the Earth is young.
Stripped of branches and showing evidence of water-borne deposition,
fossilised polystrate tree trunks are compelling evidence for the rapidly
occurring global Flood depicted in the book of Genesis. They have been
found standing vertically through various strata, including layers of coal.
If the strata were deposited over millions of years, the tree trunks
would have decayed long before the uppermost strata could have been
deposited. For such specimens to have become fossilised, the strata MUST
have been deposited rapidly - in less time than it would take for the tree
to have rotted away. Evidence of this sort debunks an old age Earth. (11)
Radiometric Dating Methods are unreliable.
Various dating methods give widely varying ages for the same object.
No-one can be sure of the exact isotopic composition of certain elements in
rocks in ancient times, nor of any impact since ancient times of environmental
factors. It can be shown that radioactive decay rates,
believed to be constant, actually varied in the past. Such evidence
exposes the presently calculated ages as invalid.(12)
Conclusion.
Pope Leo XIII taught in the encyclical letter Providentissimus Deus
that the literal sense of Scripture must hold ground until shown to be
disproven. Those who believe that the universe is "young" do not
have to prove their case. The onus of proof lies entirely with those who
believe the universe is millions of years old. The idea that the vast
distances in the universe mean that the universe must be billions of years old
is clouded by the above evidence which shows that the Earth (which is a part of
the universe) is not old.
The formation and workings of the Solar System still remain an unsolvable
mystery to evolutionists, so how can anyone be certain that the universe is
billions of years old? And without the long ages, evolution is left
without its major ally, namely: lots of time. Evolution needs lots of time
to happen. But evolution couldn't have happened because 1) it doesn't have
the time and 2) modern-day genetics says that it is impossible.
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Endnotes.